what is electrophoresis? Electrophoresis is the movement of particles/molecules under a spatially uniform electric field in a buffer. When charged molecules are placed in an electric field, they migrate toward the +ve or -ve pole according to the charge in the molecule. The rate of migration of the molecules depends on the strength of the […]
Author: saurav bhatt
ANTIGEN PROPERTIES AND TYPES
What is an antigen? An antigen is defined as any substance which can stimulate our body to make an immune response against that substance. Example Bacteria, Viruses, Chemicals PROPERTIES OF ANTIGENS Antigens are foreign in nature. Antigens are chemical (Proteins, polysaccharides) Antigens have a minimum molecular mass of 5000 Da. The complex structure of an […]
Biosafety Levels
According to the W.H.O. (World Health Organization), ” Biosafety is a strategic and integrated approach to analyzing and managing relevant risks to human, animal and plant life and health and associated risks for the environment. Biosafety is based on the link between different sectors and the potential of the hazards to spread between sectors. Biosafety […]
Types Of PCR (polymerase chain reaction )
The polymerase chain reaction is a biological technology to produce an amplified number of DNA copies of a sequence. Three primary steps involved are denaturation, annealing, and extension. PCR techniques have a lot of applications in plant biology, diagnosis of influenza- human brucellosis Salmonellae, cloning purpose, in the field of Dentistry, microbiology, forensic science, etc., […]
Cell signaling
Cell signaling is a process for the cells to communicate with each other within the multicellular organism. The cell can either self-communicate or communicate to distance(other cells). A signal is a molecule that binds to a specific receptor and stimulates an action/mechanism. There are various possible types by which cells can communicate with each other. […]
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the biomolecules consisting of aldehyde and ketone with multiple -OH groups. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy are made of 3 elements Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen some of them also contain phosphorus or Sulphur. Classification of carbohydrates Carbohydrates are mainly classified as : Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides The word saccharide derived from the […]
WATER and pH
WATER A water molecule is an irregular and irregular slightly skewed tetrahedron with an oxygen atom at its center. Water is a solvent for a wide range of organic molecules. Water molecules can dissociate into hydroxide ions(OH-) and protons (H+). Structure of water Water is a dipole molecule. Water molecules have inter and intra linked […]
INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
GENETICS Field of biology in which we study about Heredity, genes, genetic variations in organisms. The process of Passing genes from parents to children is known as heredity. Every child inherits genes from both biological parents. Genetic terminology: Trait any characteristic which can be passed from parent to progeny are known as traits. Heredity passing […]
Cells of Lymphoid Lineage
Cells of Lymphoid lineage include T, B, and NK(natural killer) cells, and among these B and T cells are the part of Adaptive immune response while NK cells are the part of innate immune responses. These cells(B and T) contains a large nucleus and a thin layer of cytoplasm. B cells B cells also are […]
CELLS OF MYELOID LINEAGE
In the last article ‘Hematopoiesis’, we heard the term myeloid lineage/progenitor. These Cells (cells of myeloid lineage) are the first responder to infections. These cells include: Neutrophil, Basophil, Dendritic Cell, Monocytes and these are the parts of innate immunity. Granulocytes Granulocytes are known as PMN(polymorphonuclear leukocytes). Basophil, Neutrophil, and Eosinophils are categorized under granulocytes. These […]