As we all know every new cell is formed from pre-existing cells. Even a new cell gets its DNA from preexisting cells. In order to fulfill the requirement of DNA for the new cell, DNA must be gone under a process, and multiply this process is known as DNA replication. We all know that DNA […]
Category: Biology
Biology is the study of all living things. In this field of science, we study the functioning of the body, different cells, and organisms.This field is further divided into many other fields such as Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, biotechnology, microbiology.
TRANSCRIPTION Difference between PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
Transcription: This is a process in which the information from a DNA strand is copied into messenger RNA (m-RNA). It describes how a DNA Strand is converted into RNA (m-RNA). This is a process of the central dogma. To understand the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription first we must know about what transcription is […]
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
The central dogma is the flow of information (DNA—RNA–Protein). The process of central dogma explains how the DNA is converted into a functional product. It was first proposed by Francis Crick (1957) and published (1958). Central Dogma also confirms that our DNA contains all the information that is required to make proteins. A gene is […]
PLASMIDS
The plasmid is the extrachromosomal DNA that can independently replicate. Most commonly plasmids are found in bacteria as double-stranded circular DNA. Sometime plasmid can be found in multicellular organisms. Plasmid classification: Conjugative and Non-conjugative Plasmid Conjugative plasmids are characterized by the ability to promote sexual conjugation between bacterial cells. Non-conjugative plasmid can’t make sexual conjugation. […]
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPTION UNIT- It is the collective term used for all the base pairs present on DNA. It helps in the process of transcription. THESE ARE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE TYPES- PROMOTER- These are the base sequences that initiate the process of transcription and are present at 5’ end of the coding strand. STRUCTURAL GENE- These […]
Amino Acid
The amino acid is an organic compound (Biomolecule). An amino acid contains a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein. There are 22 standard amino acids. Amino Acids are different from each other because of the attached R- group to the alpha carbon. Amino Acids form […]
Introduction to biomolecules
Biomolecules are the biochemical molecule present in organisms that are essential in different biological processes. E.g., carbohydrate, fatty acids | cell division, replication Biomolecules include macromolecules such as lipids and carbohydrates, protein. Biomolecules are generally endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous: produced inside the organism. Exogenous: need to be taken such as vitamins. Most of the biomolecules […]
Gram staining
Gram staining is a method used to differentiate two groups of bacteria. Based on the cell wall. Developed by Hans Christian Gram in the 19th This method is used to identify gram +ve gram –ve After performing staining the Gram-positive bacterium stain violet and Gram-negative bacterium stain pink. This technique of staining can’t define bacteria, […]
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity for a disease. Typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism. Often made from weakening or killed form of microbes or surface protein of microbe. The biological agent stimulates the immune system of our body, it recognizes the agent as a threat. Our […]
CELL CYCLE
Every cell in our body produced by a pre-existing cell. process of cell formation from pre-existing cells is known as the cell cycle. Involves in many repetitions of cellular growth and reproduction, nuclear division. Almost all the living cells undergo a cell cycle (some exceptions like RBC). The cell cycle is separated into two phases: […]